Budget Analysis
Tools, topic deep-dives, and year-wise Union Budget reviews โ all built on official, verified figures
Analysis Tools
Fiscal Deficit Tracker
Track fiscal deficit as % of GDP across years โ measured against FRBM glide-path targets.
NPS vs OPS
Compare the fiscal cost of the New and Old Pension Schemes for the exchequer.
Debt Sustainability Analysis
Long-run view of government debt-to-GDP and the interest burden on revenues.
Topic Deep-Dives
Fiscal Deficit
The fiscal deficit measures the gap between total government expenditure and total receipts excluding borrowings. It indicates how much the government needs to borrow to finance its spending, directly impacting national debt, interest payments, and long-term fiscal sustainability.
Capital Expenditure
Capital expenditure represents government spending on infrastructure, assets, and long-term investments. Rising capex signals economic growth intent, while declining capex raises concerns about fiscal consolidation at the cost of development.
Tax Revenue
Tax revenue is the primary source of government income, comprising direct taxes (income tax, corporate tax) and indirect taxes (GST, customs, excise). The tax-to-GDP ratio reflects the efficiency of revenue collection and the breadth of the tax base.
Revenue Deficit
The revenue deficit shows whether the government earns enough revenue to cover its day-to-day expenses. A persistent revenue deficit means the government borrows not just for investment but for routine spending โ a sign of fiscal stress.
Defence Spending
Defence spending is one of the largest line items in India's budget, covering military salaries, equipment procurement, and modernisation. The balance between revenue (operational) and capital (acquisition) expenditure reveals defence preparedness strategy.